The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of family history of suicidal behaviour on psychopathlogical features of inmates. A sample of 1,179 prisoners had a psychiatric interview including the Brown-Goodwin Assessment for Lifetime History of A...
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OBJECTIVE: Only a few studies have examined whether a family history of suicide influences the severity of suicidal acts and the results have been inconsistent. The current study aimed to examine whether a family history of suicidal acts predicts severity ...
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Jill Freedman is director of Evanston Family Therapy Center and a faculty member of the Chicago Center for Family Health. She has coauthored (with Gene Combs) more than 25 articles on narrative therapy and three books. The first two books are Symbol, Story, and Ceremony: Using Metaphor in Individual and Family Therapy and Narrative Therapy: The Social Construction of Preferred Realities. Both were chosen by Behavioral Science Book Service as Main Selections. Their latest book, Narrative Therapy With Couples . . . And a Whole Lot More! is a collection of selected papers. Jill is an internationally recognized teacher and conference presenter. She has led workshops on various aspects of narrative therapy all over the world. Jill and Gene are known and respected for their warm, relaxed, and inspiring style as well as for the way that they embody the ideas they teach. This interview took place in March 2007 at the Evanston Family Therapy Center in Evanston, Illinois.

Narrative therapy allows the family to create new meanings for each member of a family while integrating family history. Narrative family counseling should be examined by family counselors for its effects on families and individuals. Potential ethical issues arise when the counselor using narrative methods explores the family's knowledge of itself and each individual's experience within the family. In this article, ethical dilemmas in narrative family therapy are examined and discussed.

This review article explores the development of reflecting teams and its significance in present-day family therapy. Beginning with an historical overview of the reflecting team model, as formulated by Tom Andersen, further discussion considers the advantages and the challenges of the model. The article outlines implications for clinical practice, which build on Andersen's vision of family therapy that is collaborative, inclusive, and client centered.

Karl Tomm has been the director of the Family Therapy Program in Calgary for more than 35 years. He has developed an international reputation not only as a family therapist, major innovator, theoretician, and trainer of family therapists but also as a leader in facilitating dialogues among many of the world's family therapists. He started his career applying the problem solving approach to family therapy, developed by Nathan Epstein (Part I). In the 1980s, Karl championed the work of the Milan Group (Part II). More recently, Karl has promoted the work of Michael White and David Epston in narrative therapy (Part III). Don Collins recently had the opportunity and pleasure to interview Karl about the evolution of his thinking and practice over the span of his career.

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ABSTRACT. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine a broader array of lifetime factors that theoretically may be associated with prenatal alcohol use than have previously been studied together, including family history of alcohol-use problems, h...
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This study evaluates the clinical profiles and outcomes of children with infantile-onset diabetes mellitus (IODM) (onset at <1 year). Twelve infants with IODM presenting to our hospital from January 2003 to December 2007 are analyzed. All undergo thorough history, clinical examination, and investigations and are managed as per hospital-approved protocol and periodically followed up. Of 12 infants (3 boys and 9 girls), 9 have a family history of DM. The median age at onset is 2.5 months. Six infants have features suggestive of Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS), 4 infants have type 1 DM, and 1 infant each has Fanconi-Bickel syndrome and maturity-onset diabetes of young. None have pancreatic agenesis or calculi. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing shows DQ3 and DR15 alleles predominating. Two children with WRS died; the rest are being followed up. The incidence of IODM is increasing, with multiple syndromic associations rather than a single perspective.

Camp Golden Treasures, (CGT) the first non-profit weight loss camp for overweight adolescent girls in the nation, was held for six weeks from June 24 to August 3, 2007 at the East Carolina University campus in Greenville, NC. The primary goal was to support campers to lose weight, raise self esteem, and to learn the tools necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle while reducing risks for developing chronic disease or mitigating the effects of existing obesity-related conditions (sleep apnea, insulin resistance, hypertension, lower extremity dysfunction, etc.). While at CGT, campers learned about the importance of physical activity and proper nutrition through workshops, discussion groups and hands-on activities. Additionally campers were taught the necessary tools and strategies needed to make concrete, positive lifestyle changes so they can achieve a healthy weight. Due to the nature of a chronic disease such as obesity, multidisciplinary collaborators including physical therapy, nutrition, health education, management, family therapy, risk management, fundraising, public relations, medical, nursing, and physician coverage were involved in designing, planning, and implementing CGT. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
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Objective: Alcohol response is a widely studied risk factor for heavy drinking behavior and alcohol-use disorders. This study examined acute subjective response to alcohol as a predictor of drinking behavior, alcohol-related problems, and family history of...
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While the ageing of the population around the world raises serious concerns about social security, pensions, long-term care, health care and family systems, digital-age tools have been proposed as possible resources to improve outcomes. Considerable literature has appeared suggesting that Assistive Technologies (ATs) and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) may improve quality of life, extend length of community residence, improve physical and mental health status, delay the onset of serious health problems and reduce family and care-giver burden. The goal of this review is to separate the evidence base for these claims from simple optimism about the ultimate value of technology-based tools. This is accomplished through an extensive examination of the empirical research literature in the field of ATs and ICTs as they relate to older adults and ageing populations. In this review, we describe how these technologies are being utilized by older adults and barriers to their use, and we identify what is known—based on scientific studies—about the utility and effectiveness of the technologies. Appropriate social work practice in the digital age requires knowing what tools are available and their documented effectiveness and limitations. This review will thus consider the implications of current research knowledge for social work practice, education and research.

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy (ANZJFT) 30(1): ii-ii
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Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy (ANZJFT) 30(1): 1-14 Abstract Referencing relevant supervisory literature and attachment theory, this article presents a developmental couple and family therapy supervisory model that emphasises the efficacy of the supervisory relationship. Issues concerning anxiety, cognition and learning theory are addressed and phases in the supervisory process are identified and described. Cognitive, emotional and social development are linked to attachment theory and discussed in the supervisory context.
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Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy (ANZJFT) 30(1): 15-28 Abstract While supporting the need to make class and other forms of marginalisation more visible in the understanding of, and response to, domestic violence, this article argues that, domestic violence is ultimately a discursive phenomenon and that patriarchal discourse remains the fount of domestic violence. This conclusion was drawn after data from a qualitative study of 24 men, from different cultural groups (ethnic, religious, racial, age and class), who had used violence in an intimate heterosexual relationship was considered, alongside ethnographical accounts of societies in which domestic violence is deemed not to have occurred, or to have been minimal. Whereas egalitarian and respectful attitudes towards women are enshrined in the discourse and social institutions of tribes such as the Semai and Waorani, in which intimate partner violence was absent, the most overwhelming discovery of the qualitative study was that class and cultural differences, evident in an analysis of the men's narratives, seemed to be eclipsed by the preeminence and strength of gendered discourse, in keeping with Western patriarchal dictates.
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Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy (ANZJFT) 30(1): 29-41 Abstract The concept of self-soothing originating in the psychodynamic tradition has attracted interest from therapists as a key skill in the managing and regulating of strong affect and emotional discomfort. While a capacity for self-soothing is implicit in, and a vital prerequisite to, the process of differentiation, Murray Bowen also predicted that the outcome of increased differentiation is improved emotional equilibrium and a capacity for self-soothing, clearly a recursive process. The attention of Bowen family systems theory to both the relational and intrapsychic aspects of human functioning provides a useful framework through which to explore these aspects of the dynamics of self-soothing. This article describes some of the key processes involved in developing a self-soothing capacity within an effort to define a more autonomous self in significant relationships. The author contrasts Family Systems thinking with other theoretical perspectives that speak to the importance of self-soothing. Finally, the role of the therapist as a facilitator of an environment in which the self-soothing resources of clients can emerge is considered alongside suggestions and strategies for how a therapist may contribute to a client's own efforts.
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Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy (ANZJFT) 30(1): 42-50 Abstract An extraordinary case is presented. The father had been admitted to an emergency ward following stabbing by his first son. The son had become uncontrollable and used many substances, constantly, and reduced family life to a battle-ground with his mother. The two older boys were adopted, the third was miraculously conceived. In about ten sessions, the family's story was told in dramatic ways. Over twelve years later, the boys have become fathers and the grandparents are doting.
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Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy (ANZJFT) 30(1): 51-65 Abstract A challenge for contemporary family therapists is negotiating differences between modern and postmodern frameworks in the practice context. Modernists espouse a systemic metaphor, use evidence-based and interventive approaches, including strategic, structural- or solution-focused techniques, and believe in the therapist's knowledge, expertise and power to influence individuals or families to change. On the other hand, postmodernists follow a social constructionist, dialogical or narrative paradigm, which identifies the main ingredient of therapy as language, conversation, understanding and the therapist's `not knowing' stance in eliciting a person's expertise and story. Yet many practitioners adopt a middle way between these paradigm polarities, one that is less theory-driven and more pragmatic, flexible, integrative and practice-based. This is consistent with evidence-based practice and research demonstrating common factors across all therapies. The value of preserving systemic thinking in family therapy is recognised while reaching forward to a postmodern social constructionist and dialogical approach. The article describes this integrative stance in family therapy as paramodern based on an ethics of practice. This is illustrated by a detailed case study of integrative family therapy, which addresses anxiety, anger and sleeping issues associated with a chronic childhood illness called Perthe's disease.
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Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy (ANZJFT) 30(1): 66-70 Abstract Elder abuse: Selected papers from The Prague World Congress on Family Violence. Podnieks, E., Kosberg, J., & Lowenstein, A. (Eds.). (2003). New York: Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press. Soft Cover. pp. 214 ISBN:0-7890-2824-7. $29.95. The politics of the personal in feminist family therapy: International examinations of family policy. Prouty Lyness, A.M. (Ed.). (2005). New York: Haworth. Co-published simultaneously as Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 17, 3/4, 2005. Soft Cover. pp. 184. $17.95. ISBN 10: 0-7890-3400-x Sex, therapy, and kids: Addressing their concerns through talk and play. Lamb, S. (2006). New York: Norton. Hard cover, pp. 320, ISBN 9780393704792. A$52.95 Teens in therapy: Making it their own, engaging adolescents in successful therapy for responsible lives. Bromfield. R. (2005). New York: Norton. Hard cover, pp. 211, ISBN 978039370468. A$47.95.
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This article summarizes the first research to be completed on the Family Systems Nursing intervention of therapeutic letters. In the Family Nursing Unit (FNU) at the University of Calgary, therapeutic letters have been used for more than 22 years in work with families experiencing illness and suffering. Using Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutic inquiry, the research explores 11 therapeutic letters sent and received in the work with three families (four participants) seen in the FNU. Textual interpretation of the 11 letters was complemented by research interviews with the families and nurses who wrote the letters as well as in-session, presession, and postsession transcriptions. Interpretations suggest that letters have an influence related to the tone of the individuals and the relationship created; the balancing of questions, commendations, and artful writing; memory and remembrance; measures and markers of change; and the obligation of meeting people experiencing illness at the point of their suffering.

Therapeutic letters have become a practice adopted by many clinicians as an adjunct to therapeutic conversations. This article presents selected findings from a larger study that examined both the letter-writing practices of nine clinicians as well as the experiences of seven adult clients who received a therapeutic letter or letters during the course of individual or family therapy. A novel aspect of this study is that data from clients were gathered in the form of letters—eight letters written by the clients to the researcher about their experience of receiving a therapeutic letter or letters from their clinician. Thematic analysis guided the analysis of the data. Findings are placed within the context of relationally responsive (or relationally engaged) practice. An invitation is extended to conceptualize letters not as monologic documents but as a means of dialogically relating to clients and to the "goings-on" of therapeutic conversations.

The Clinical Exchange invites eminent clinicians of diverse persuasions to share, in ordinary language, their clinical formulations and treatment plans of the same psychotherapy patient—one not selected or nominated by those therapists—and then to discuss points of convergence and contention in their recommendations. This special Exchange focuses on family systems psychotherapy in the case of a family presenting with the identified patient being a 5-year-old who had cried every day for 3 years since the death of her father. Therapists Catherine Fuchs and Pam Fishel-Ingram (psychodynamic orientation with some integration of cognitive–behavioral therapy concepts), George S. Greenberg (brief systemic family therapy with a strategic therapy focus), Patricia Morse (Milan school of family systems therapy), and Scott Griffies (psychoanalytic object relations) are the featured commentators. Finally, Martin Drell, the case contributor, provides a few closing comments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
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Research has established the dangers of early onset substance use for young adolescents and its links to a host of developmental problems. Because critical developmental detours can begin or be exacerbated during early adolescence, specialized intervention...
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BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the family history of suicide among primary care patients with or without current major depressive episode (MDE). METHODS: This study was performed in 2 GP practices in Budapest on 255 consecutively i...
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We analysed Stroop (neuropsychological screening test) measures of response inhibition in 18 twin pairs discordant for bipolar I disorder compared with 17 healthy control pairs, as well as 40 singletons with bipolar disorder with psychotic features and a family history of psychosis, 46 of their first-degree relatives without bipolar disorder or psychosis and 48 controls. In both studies, individuals with bipolar disorder showed Stroop deficits and their first-degree relatives showed intact performance. In the twin patients, an interference score was associated with depressive symptoms. Having a first-degree relative with bipolar disorder, even a familial, psychotic form, did not confer risk for enhanced susceptibility to interference in our studies.

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OBJECTIVE: This study compares the views of psychiatry residency training directors about psychiatry and mental health training in the primary care programs in their institutions with those of the primary care residency training directors. METHODS: A 16-item questionnaire surveying specific areas of training and perceived adequacy of current teaching was distributed to 1,544 U.S. primary care and psychiatry program directors. RESULTS: The response rate was 53%. Among psychiatry training directors, 85% responded that psychiatry training in their primary care programs was minimal to suboptimal, while 68% of family practice training directors responded that their psychiatry training was optimal to extensive. Among psychiatry training directors, 89% were dissatisfied with the psychiatry training in their primary care programs, and only 8% were satisfied. In contrast, almost half of primary care training directors were satisfied. However, within the primary care programs, there was a marked difference between family practice (majority satisfied) and the rest (internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, mostly unsatisfied). All primary care and psychiatry training directors agreed that most basic psychiatric skills and diagnoses were taught in the primary care programs. For all skills and syndromes examined, psychiatry training directors consistently and significantly rated the training to be less adequate than did primary care training directors. There was general agreement that primary care physicians should be able to treat most uncomplicated cases in patients with psychiatric disorders, and some but not other psychiatric conditions. CONCLUSION: Psychiatry and primary care training directors, except in family practice, generally agree that psychiatry training in primary care programs is inadequate and should be significantly enhanced. There should be more communication between psychiatry and primary care training programs for optimal curriculum development.

Research has established the dangers of early onset substance use for young adolescents and its links to a host of developmental problems. Because critical developmental detours can begin or be exacerbated during early adolescence, specialized interventions that target known risk and protective factors in this period are needed. This controlled trial (n = 83) provided an experimental test comparing multidimensional family therapy (MDFT) and a peer group intervention with young teens. Participants were clinically referred, were of low income, and were mostly ethnic minority adolescents (average age = 13.73 years). Treatments were manual guided, lasted 4 months, and were delivered by community agency therapists. Adolescents and parents were assessed at intake, at 6-weeks post-intake, at discharge, and at 6 and 12 months following treatment intake. Latent growth curve modeling analyses demonstrated the superior effectiveness of MDFT over the 12-month follow-up in reducing substance use (effect size: substance use frequency, d = 0.77; substance use problems, d = 0.74), delinquency (d = 0.31), and internalized distress (d = 0.54), and in reducing risk in family, peer, and school domains (d = 0.27, 0.67, and 0.35, respectively) among young adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
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Nurses are engaged and encounter suffering routinely and commonly in their everyday practice. It is therefore a moral and ethical obligation for nurses to soften the emotional, physical, and spiritual suffering of the individuals and families in their care. Softening suffering is the heart of nursing. However, this article ponders the question, "What happened to suffering in nursing care?" A discussion of suffering is explored from many aspects, such as what invites suffering and the connection of suffering to spirituality. Lessons learned from the author's clinical practice and research are described, such as acknowledging suffering, social support, hope and prayer, and individual and family counseling. Finally, seven spiritual care practices within the Trinity Model that have shown to be useful in softening suffering are offered. An actual clinical example is woven throughout to illustrate the benefits of these spiritual care practices in the mission of softening illness suffering.

An innovative opportunity is being created by nursing leaders from practice and education in Iceland to implement Family Systems Nursing at an institutional level on all units and divisions with the Landspitali University Hospital. This article describes the phases of the implementation model for knowledge translation that will be operationalized over four years. The goals of implementing Family Systems Nursing at the Landspitali University Hospital are to (a) educate all practicing nurses in Family Systems Nursing and, in particular, the Calgary family assessment and intervention models; (b) strengthen practicing nurses' clinical skills for intervening with families by offering specific clinical training courses to all nurses using family skills labs; and (c) explore and assess the difference that the theoretical and clinical programs make for the nurses, the patients and their families, and the nurses' practice (the family—nurse relationship).

[ePub (volume, issue, and page range not yet available)] A content analysis of closed case records from family court examined personal and family history variables for adolescents with sexually abusive behaviors who had been adjudicated for crimina...
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Dr. Peter A. D. Sherrard, associate professor of counselor education at the University of Florida is interviewed by Brian J. Mistler. The interview includes discussion of the concept of systems with an emphasis on cybernetic and ecosystemic perspectives; Dr. Sherrard's own life and experiences; the various influences on family therapy; the solution focused approach; feedback; creativity; Gestalt Therapy; metalogue; self-transcendence; pattern recognition; change; wholism; pragmatism; social construction; Zen meditation; attention; mystery; couples counseling; training groups; T-groups; behaviorism; religious conversion; theology; the Holy; serendipity; kidnapping; experts; existentialism; arbitrary punctuation; mind; culture; values; ethics; deafness; differentiation; negotiation; quantum theory; and the work of Gregory Bateson, Milton Erickson, Steve DeShazer, Carl Rogers, Paul Watzlawick, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, Roger Fisher, William L. Ury, Peter Berger, Dan Marino, Joe Montana, Nevitt Sandord, David Schnarch and Murray Bowen.

Major ethical considerations must be taken into account when providing counseling services to suicidal adolescents and their families. This article explores these ethical issues and the American Counseling Association and International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors ethical codes relevant to these issues. Related liability and malpractice information is also discussed, including how counselors can follow professionally accepted standards of care and what must be done to improve client care and decrease the chances of a lawsuit.

Therapeutic letters (i.e., brief therapeutic messages that are sent to clients between counseling sessions) have been used since the days of Freud and have been shown to have beneficial therapeutic impacts. This article describes the use of therapeutic letters in couples and family counseling. The use of three types of therapeutic letter (letters of alliance, intensity, and meaning) are discussed. Ethical and legal issues pertaining to privacy and recommended practices for addressing such issues are reviewed.

In this exploratory, correlational study, the researchers examined the extent to which select family systems theory constructs were associated with self-reported current weight among a sample of 77 primarily non-Hispanic Black adolescents. We also explored the extent to which select parental and familial constructs (family cohesion, family conflict, family resources, and perceptions of weight), and parents' current weight status separately and taken together predicted adolescents' current weight. Bivariate analyses suggested that adolescents' self-reported weight status is correlated with factors from multiple levels in which the adolescent is embedded; adolescent weight status was positively associated with parent- and family-level factors. Furthermore, the exploratory regression model established the existence of a small significant relationship (22% of the variance) between the parent- and family-level constructs and adolescent weight status, with parents' perception of his or her own weight status and family resources being the strongest unique predictors. These findings point to the potential importance of systemic factors related to adolescent weight status.

While there is growing evidence for the efficacy of the Maudsley model of family-based treatment for anorexia nervosa, little is known concerning the most effective treatment for pre-adolescents with Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS). The presentation of case studies of children with EDNOS is important. Large-scale studies are difficult due to low incidence and the application of homogenous manualized approaches may be unsuitable to the wide range of potential disorders. The aim of this article is to present two detailed case studies of children with food avoidant emotional disorder, both presenting with life threatening food refusal. A flexible and individualized approach to family therapy was taken, resulting in the resumption of eating in less than seven weeks and four months respectively.

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While there is growing evidence for the efficacy of the Maudsley model of family-based treatment for anorexia nervosa, little is known concerning the most effective treatment for pre-adolescents with Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS). The presentation of case studies of children with EDNOS is important. Large-scale studies are difficult due to low incidence and the application of homogenous manualized approaches may be unsuitable to the wide range of potential disorders. The aim of this article is to present two detailed case studies of children with food avoidant emotional disorder, both presenting with life threatening food refusal. A flexible and individualized approach to family therapy was taken, resulting in the resumption of eating in less than seven weeks and four months respectively.

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Emotional, cognitive, and family systems processes have been identified as mediators of the association between interparental conflict and children's adjustment. However, little is known about how they function in relation to one another because they have not all been assessed in the same study. This investigation examined the relations among children's exposure to parental conflict, their appraisals of threat and blame, their emotional reaction, and triangulation into parental disagreements. One hundred fifty ethnically diverse 8- to 12-year-old children and both of their parents participated in the study. Comparisons of 3 models proposing different relations among these processes indicated that they function as parallel and independent mediators of children's adjustment. Specifically, children's self-blaming attributions and emotional distress were uniquely associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems, whereas perceived threat uniquely predicted internalizing problems and triangulation uniquely predicted externalizing problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
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Journal of Family Therapy, Volume 30, Issue 2, Page 215-217, May 2008.

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Journal of Family Therapy, Volume 30, Issue 2, Page 194-214, May 2008.
Positive and negative alliance-related behaviours of thirty-seven families seen in brief family therapy were rated from videotapes using the System for Observing Family Therapy Alliances (Friedlander et al., 2006b). Positive associations were found ...
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Journal of Family Therapy, Volume 30, Issue 2, Page 117-128, May 2008.
An experience in which the author followed his own objectives rather than the patient's, leading to a tragic end, is evoked as a frame for the presentation and discussion of a family treatment where the therapeutic process led by the therapist may have ...
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Journal of Family Therapy, Volume 30, Issue 2, Page 163-193, May 2008.
Starting from the core systemic premise that humans influence each other, this paper focuses on child influences in the bidirectional parent–child relationship. Following a co-constructionist approach on bidirectionality, meaning constructions of ...
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Journal of Family Therapy, Volume 30, Issue 2, Page 129-146, May 2008.
This paper's aim is to enable family therapists from whatever approach to address family attachments during their work. It explores the role of attachment in the family, and how to enable therapists to increase security in the family so that family ...
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Journal of Family Therapy, Volume 30, Issue 2, Page 147-162, May 2008.
This article describes how family therapists can routinely address the important, but often overlooked, issue of how some children may play parental roles in families. In some situations such as inadequate or absent parenting, a child is drawn into the ...
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